Emerging Pharmacological Strategies for Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Qualitative Analysis of Interventional Clinical Trials Registered on ClinicalTrials.Gov

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiac amyloidosis, primarily comprising transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) and light-chain amyloidosis with cardiac involvement (AL-cardiac), is an increasingly recognized contributor to the global heart failure burden. Management has shifted from supportive care to disease-modifying agents targeting specific stages of the amyloid cascade. This registry-based review qualitatively characterizes the current pharmacological clinical trial landscape through a registry-based analysis. Methods: A structured qualitative analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted for interventional trials registered between January 2015 and November 2025. Following PRISMA principles, studies were screened to include pharmacological interventions with explicit cardiac targeting while excluding neuropathy-dominant amyloidosis. Trial-level data regarding therapeutic classes, study phases, enrollment, and primary outcome domains were extracted and synthesized. Results: A total of 18 trials met the inclusion criteria (14 ATTR-CM; 4 AL-cardiac), representing a total enrollment of 4924 participants across 11 unique agents. Five therapeutic classes were identified: amyloid-clearing monoclonal antibodies (44.4% of trials), TTR silencers, TTR stabilizers, fibril-modifying agents, and cardiac phenotype-directed therapies.